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Rosa roxburghii ( burr rose, chestnut rose, chinquapin rose, or cili), is a species of flowering plant in the family Rosaceae, native to the eastern Himalayas, Tibet, and central and southern China. In the wild, it is found in thickets, mountain forests, on slopes, and alongside streams, typically above sea level. A diffuse shrub capable of reaching but usually shorter, it is available from commercial suppliers. In China, it is cultivated for its vitamin C-rich hips on , mostly in Guizhou.
It was dedicated to William Roxburgh, a Scottish physician and botanist who was director of the Calcutta Botanical Garden.
Three forms have been recognized: Rosa roxburghii f. roxburghii, which has double or semi-double, reddish or pink flowers in diametre , Rosa roxburghii f. normalis Rehder & E. H. Wilson (in Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 2: 318. 1915), which has simple, pink flowers in diametre and also, Rosa roxburghii f. hirtula (Regel) (Rehder and Wilson), flowers single, pale pink or lilac-pink from Japan.
It gets its common name 'chestnut rose' from the large burred Rose hip that look like Chestnut.Peter Schneider
It was originally found in China in the early 1800s, where it had been growing for generations,James Cullen, Sabina G. Knees, H. Suzanne Cubey (Editors) and it is rarely grown in European gardens. It was then introduced to the botanic garden in Calcutta around 1824.
In 1823, Trattinick changed the name of a species of rose. It was originally named Rosa microphylla by William Roxburgh (1751-1815) in 1820, because René Louiche Desfontaines had previously applied the name microphylla to an unrelated European species of rose in 1798. It then became Rosa roxburghii, and Trattinick published this name change in 'Rosacearum monographia' on page 233 in 1823. Rosacearum monographia ('Monograph of the Rose Family') covered generic and species descriptions of plants in the rose family, although it was not illustrated.
The specific epithet was spelled roxbourgii in the protologue, but roxburghii is more commonly used.
The etymological root of the binomial name Rosa is from the ancient Latin name for the rose. The Latin specific epithet of Roxburghii was named after John Roxburgh (1770s–1820s), an occasional overseer of Calcutta Botanic Garden.
It was verified as Rosa roxburghii by United States Department of Agriculture and the Agricultural Research Service on 15 February 1996, and is listed as Rosa roxburghii in the Encyclopedia of Life.
Rosa roxburghii f. normalis is an accepted name by the RHS and listed in the RHS Plant Finder book.
It is also often sold under the name Rosa roxburghii 'plena'.Dr Ross Bayton and Richard Sneesby Normally, advertised as a medium pink double form, but a deeper pink version is available from nurseries.
It belongs to the section 'Microphyllae' which also includes the Japanese species, R. hirtula.Roger Phillips and Martyn Rix
After DNA sequencing was carried out it was found that R. roxburghii is closely related to Rosa gigantea.
They can be found at an altitude of above sea level.
The edible fruits have a sweet, sour taste. The species is cultivated for its showy flowers, or as a hedge because of its abundant prickles.
The phytochemical characteristics of the fruit include 135 volatile organic compounds and 59 compounds in methanol , including 13 organic acids, 12 , 11 , nine , five phenylpropanoid derivatives, four condensed , two , two benzaldehyde derivatives, and one benzoic acid derivative. Roxbins A and B were also found in the fruit.National Library of Medicine
There is only a thin layer of edible flesh surrounding the many seeds. It can be ground into a powder, and mixed with flour or added to other foods as a supplement. In China, it is the commercial source of rosehip powder.
While being edible, there are some hazards of eating Rosa roxburghii. There is a layer of hairs around the seeds just beneath the flesh of the fruit. These hairs can cause irritation to the mouth and digestive tract if ingested.
Distribution and habitat
Rosa roxburghii is native plant to temperate areas of eastern Asia, within China and Japan.
Range
Found within China,Harrison L. Flint it is found in the provinces of Anhui, Zhejiang, Fujian, Hunan, Hubei, Gansu, Jiangxi, Guizhou, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guangxi and Xinjiang.
Habitat
It is found growing in various habitats, including mountain forests, thickets, slopes, stream sides, semi-arid river valleys, waysides, and on roadsides. In China, it is commonly found on banks between Paddy field, where it can obtain plenty of water during the summer.
Uses
Rosa roxburghii has various uses, including as an Ornamental plant, as a food source, and in traditional medicine.John H. Wiersema and Blanca León
Food source
Rosa roxburghii and Rosa sterilis have edible fruits eaten since 1765. The fruit (Rose hip) can be eaten raw or cooked, and has a sweet and sour taste.
The fruit is rich in vitamin E and vitamin C. The vitamin C content is 5-7% of the total fruit mass.Cheryll Williams
In culture
The Japanese name for the chestnut rose is izayoibara, (), where the term izayoi
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